Mortars of modern mosaics under the microscope - methods for material characterization and study of degradation

Czech modern mosaics represent unique works in the European context, unfortunately still underappreciated as objects of cultural heritage. The proposed project deals with the material characterization and degradation of the mortars of Czech mosaics of the late 19th and 20th centuries. These materials have not yet been widely researched, however, knowledge of their composition and durability will improve the quality of their conservation and restoration. The goal of the project is to analyze authentic samples of Czech mosaic mortars and to learn about their degradation products and processes, and to develop a standard methodology for this activity. Furthermore, model samples will be prepared, imitating authentic mortars and whole mosaics, with the aim of testing their durability and potential for use in mosaic restoration. Both accelerated durability tests and natural weathering testing will be performed. The obtained results will serve to design more effective conservation and restoration procedures and materials. The knowledge gained within the project may also contribute to solving some questions regarding the authorship of hitherto anonymous mosaics.